Border clashes between India and Pakistan.

Border clashes between India and Pakistan *Introduction *Historical context *Geopolitical Stakes and Strategic Factors *Military Engagements and Ceasefire Violations *Political and Domestic Dynamics *Role of Cross-Border Militancy and Infiltration *International Mediation and Diplomatic Efforts *Nuclear Dimensions and Risks of Escalation *Humanitarian Impact *Conclusion Introduction Border clashes between India and Pakistan, primarily along the Line of Control (LoC) in Kashmir, are among the world’s most persistent geopolitical conflicts, shaped by history, politics, and a range of complex factors. Here’s an in-depth examination: 1. Historical Context Partition and Creation of Pakistan (1947): When British India was divided, India and Pakistan emerged as separate nations. Jammu and Kashmir, a princely state, became a flashpoint. The ruler of Kashmir initially hesitated to join either country but ultimately acceded to India under certain conditions, leadin...