Post covid effects and long covid effects.

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 Long COVID: Lasting effects of COVID-19

Some people continue to experience health problems long after having COVID-19. Understand the possible symptoms and risk factors for post-COVID-19 syndrome.




After any coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) illness, no matter how serious, some people report that symptoms stay for months. This lingering illness has often been called long COVID or post-COVID-19 syndrome. You might hear it called long-haul COVID or post-acute sequelae of SARS-CoV-2 (PASC).


There is no universal definition of long COVID right now.


In the U.S., some experts have defined long COVID as a long-lasting, called chronic, condition triggered by the virus that causes COVID-19. The medical term for this is an infection-associated chronic condition.


As researchers learn more about long COVID, this definition may change.


What are the most common symptoms of long COVID?

In research studies, more than 200 symptoms have been linked to long COVID. Symptoms may stay the same over time, get worse, or go away and come back.



Common symptoms of long COVID include:


Extreme tiredness, especially after activity.

Problems with memory, often called brain fog.

A feeling of being lightheaded or dizzy.

Problems with taste or smell.

Other symptoms of long COVID include:

Sleep problems.

Shortness of breath.

Cough.

Headache.

Fast or irregular heartbeat.

Digestion problems, such as loose stools, constipation or bloating.

Some people with long COVID may have other illnesses. Diseases caused or made worse by long COVID include migraine, lung disease, autoimmune disease and chronic kidney disease.

Diseases that people may be diagnosed with due to long COVID include:


Heart disease.

Mood disorders.

Anxiety.

Stroke or blood clots.

Postural orthostatic tachycardia syndrome, also called POTS.

Myalgic encephalomyelitis-chronic fatigue syndrome, also called ME-CFS.

Mast cell activation syndrome.

Fibromyalgia.

Diabetes.

Hyperlipidemia.

People can get long COVID symptoms after catching the COVID-19 virus even if they never had COVID-19 symptoms. Also, long COVID symptoms can show up weeks or months after a person seems to have recovered.



And while the COVID-19 virus spreads from person to person, long COVID is not contagious and doesn't spread between people.


Why does COVID-19 cause ongoing health problems?

Current research has found that long COVID is a chronic condition triggered by the virus that causes COVID-19. The medical term for this is an infection-associated chronic condition.


Researchers don't know exactly how COVID-19 causes long-term illness, but they have some ideas. Theories include:


The virus that causes COVID-19 upsets immune system communication. This could lead immune cells to mistake the body's own cells as a threat and react to them, called an autoimmune reaction.

Having COVID-19 awakens viruses that haven't been cleared out of the body.

The coronavirus infection upsets the gut's ecosystem.

The virus may be able to survive in the gut and spread from there.

The virus affects the cells that line blood vessels.

The virus damages communication in the brain stem or a nerve that controls automatic functions in the body, called the vagus nerve.

Because the virus that causes COVID-19 continues to change, researchers can't say how many people have been affected by long COVID. Some researchers have estimated that 10% to 35% of people who have had COVID-19 went on to have long COVID.


What are the risk factors for long COVID?

Risk factors for long COVID are just starting to be known. In general, most research finds that long COVID is diagnosed more often in females of any age than in males. The long COVID risk also may be higher for people who have cardiovascular disease before getting sick.


Some research also shows that getting a COVID-19 vaccine may help prevent long COVID.


Many other factors may raise or lower your risk of long COVID, but research is still ongoing.

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